What is the term for the formal statement made by a party in a legal dispute?

The term that accurately describes a formal statement made by a party in a legal dispute is "plea." A plea is an assertion made in a legal context, often related to the defendant's response to criminal charges or to claims in civil litigation. It articulates the party's position regarding the allegations made against them, indicating whether they admit to or deny the charges or claims.

In contrast, an affidavit is a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court. While it represents an individual's assertions, it is not the same as a formal declaration made in response to charges or claims in the legal proceedings.

A claim refers to a demand for something as rightful or due, typically initiated by the claimant in a legal dispute. This is more of a request or assertion rather than a direct response to a legal dispute.

A summons is a document issued by the court to notify an individual about legal action taken against them and compel them to respond. It serves a procedural function rather than serving as a formal statement of position regarding the dispute.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping legal terminology and the roles these terms play within the legal process.